Conference App Publication Indian Ocean Rim Laboratory Haematology Congress 2014

Expect the unexpected - yeasts in peripheral smear (#43)

Mahesh Deshmukh 1 , Swati Bawane 1 , Komal S. Galani 2 , Radhika Pagey 3 , Kamayani Deshpande 1
  1. CARE Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
  2. Pathology, BSR Labs, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Australia
  3. Pathology, RST Regional Cancer Center, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

A 70-year-old immunocompetent female presented with a history of subacute intestinal obstruction. Her hemoglobin was 11 g/L, leukocyte count - 10.1 x 109/L, and platelets- 2.53 x 109/L. Electrolytes, urea, creatinine, coagulation parameters, and liver function tests were within normal ranges. Her treatment included surgery, intravenous fluids, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. On seventh postoperative day, patient became clinically unstable with hemoglobin 9.5 g/L, leucocyte count 18.4 x 109 /L (neutrophils -90%) and platelets 0.83 x 109/L. A review of peripheral-blood smear showed leuco-aaglutination with blue–colored yeast forms and hyphae inside the neutrophils, in keeping with a fungal sepsis. Fluconazole was started ; however, patient’s clinical condition deteriorated and she succumbed to her illness. Blood smear review may be diagnostic in a small proportion of patients with fungemia.Timely diagnosis of fungemia has proven to be difficult as blood cultures often require 2 - 3 days of incubation. Presence of yeast forms inside neutrophils and monocytes is often cited as proof of true fungemia. In suspected patients, a heightened vigilance for yeast when reviewing blood films should be considered as it allows an early diagnosis and initiation of antifungal treatment. Peripheral smear can serve as a quick and cost-effective means of diagnosis.